The significance of meaning. Why IPBES needs the social sciences and humanities

The term “biodiversity” is often used to describe phenomena of nature, which can be studied without a reference to the socially constructed, evaluative, or indeed normative contexts. In our paper, we challenge this conception by focusing particularly on methodological aspects of biodiversity research. We thereby engage with the idea of interdisciplinary biodiversity research as a scientific approach directed at the recognition and management of contemporary society in its ecological embedding. By doing this, we explore how research on and assessments of biodiversity can be enhanced if meaning, aspiration, desires, and related aspects of agency are methodically taken into account. In six sections, we substantiate our claim that the discourse on biodiversity (including the IPBES (Intergovernmental science-policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services) debate) is incomplete without contributions from the social sciences and humanities. In the introduction, a brief overview of biodiversity’s conceptual history is provided showing that “biodiversity” is a lexical invention intended to create a strong political momentum. However, that does not impede its usability as a research concept. Section 2 examines the origins of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) by way of sociological discourse analysis. Subsequently, it proposes a matrix as a means to structure the ambiguities and tensions inherent in the CBD. The matrix reemphasizes our main thesis regarding the need to bring social and ethical expertise to the biodiversity discourse. In Section 3, we offer a brief sketch of the different methods of the natural and social sciences as well as ethics. This lays the groundwork for our Section 4, which explains and illustrates what social sciences and ethics can contribute to biodiversity research. Section 5 turns from research to politics and argues that biodiversity governance necessitates deliberative discourses in which participation of lay people plays an important role. Section 6 provides our conclusions.     

缅北动荡局势下我国边境安全应对刍议

缅北动荡局势下，我国中缅边境地区面临传统安全与非传统安全双重威胁。从前期系列缅北冲突导致的问题处理经验看，我国中缅边境地区安全应对体系建设在预防意识的主动性、应急制度的协调性、应急体系的系统性方面仍有待进一步提升。立足中缅边境地区安全问题的特殊性，其应对可从立足跨境民族众多的实情主动应对、立足边境安全事件的复杂性系统应对、立足边疆经济的落后性持续应对等方面予以加强。     

破"五唯"背景下的高校人才评价机制研究

长期以来,高校人才评价工作受到"五唯"顽疾的严重影响.在破"五唯"背景下,高校人才评价工作面临必须构建新的人才评价机制的任务和要求,通过对破"五唯"的影响分析,以人才分类、评价标准、评价形式和评价结果运用等方面为重点就建立新的人才评价机制进行了研究.昆明理工大学积极响应国家破"五唯"要求,对人才评价机制建设进行了有益的探索,初步建立了人才分类比较科学、评价标准公平合理、评价过程可控、评价结果可运用的人才评价机制.     

非法集资投资人地位及投资合同效力的反思与破解

当前，我国法律框架对非法集资案件中投资人诉讼地位及投资合同效力还缺乏明确的法律规定，使得不同案件的裁判尺度难以统一，再加上此类案件普遍存在刑民交叉的特点，处置程序缺乏相应规范成为司法实践中面临的严峻问题。针对投资人诉讼地位，可结合法益保护、刑事被害人的正当性及有利司法实践原则，将集资诈骗罪中的投资人界定为被害人，非法吸收公众存款罪中的投资人界定为证人。针对投资合同效力，可结合民法典及刑事立法精神，将集资诈骗罪中的投资合同认定为无效合同；非法吸收公众存款罪中则应结合当事人的主观意图等对投资合同的有效性、是否可撤销等进行具体区分。同时建议设立公告程序及诉讼代表人制度，充分保障非法集资案件中投资人及第三人参与诉讼的合法权益。     

Approximation strategy-proof mechanisms for obnoxious facility location on a line

In the facility location game on a line, there are some agents who have fixed locations on the line where an obnoxious facility will be placed. The objective is to maximize the social welfare, e.g., the sum of distances from the facility to all agents. On collecting location information, agents may misreport the locations so as to stay far away from the obnoxious facility. In this paper, strategy-proof mechanisms are designed and the approximation ratio is used to measure the performances of the strategy-proof mechanisms. Two objective functions, maximizing the sum of squares of distances (maxSOS) and maximizing the sum of distances (maxSum), have been considered. For maxSOS, a randomized 5/3-approximated strategy-proof mechanism is proposed, and the lower bound of the approximation ratio is proved to be at least 1.042. For maxSum, the lower bound of the approximation ratio of the randomized strategy-proof mechanism is proved to be 1.077. Moreover, a general model is considered that each agent may have multiple locations on the line. For the objective functions maxSum and maxSOS, both deterministic and randomized strategy-proof mechanisms are investigated, and the deterministic mechanisms are shown to be best possible.     

非洲反殖民传统的灯塔：埃塞俄比亚文化诸相略论

位于非洲东北部的埃塞俄比亚是非洲文明、语言、艺术和哲学的摇篮，也是非洲政治思想和文学思想的发源地和重镇。埃塞俄比亚独特的历史地位使它成为非洲人民心目中的一座文化丰碑和一面精神旗帜。埃塞俄比亚人坚持使用阿姆哈拉语，已成为当代非洲本土意识的一个重要表征。埃塞俄比亚运动具有宗教改革和政治革命性质，对近代非洲意识的觉醒和非洲崛起具有重要作用。埃塞俄比亚哲学是一种富有哲理性的智慧，典型地反映了非洲人的生存和思维方式。埃塞俄比亚的艺术是本土艺术与宗教艺术的结合、非洲传统工艺和欧洲现代工艺的结合。以“埃塞俄比亚之风”为代表的非洲音乐元素是美国非裔文学乃至整个欧美现代主义文学之中回荡的一种旋律，对它们的主题思想和艺术形式都产生了深刻影响。     

Co-Occurring Psychosocial Problems and Multiple Sexual Partners among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Shanghai,China: A Syndemic Approach

We aimed to apply syndemic theory to verify the association and reinforcing effects between psychosocial problems and multiple sexual partners (MSP) of men who have sex with men (MSM) in Shanghai, China. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 547 MSM in Shanghai, China using a face-to-face survey. Sociodemographic and psychosocial data were collected, as well as information on MSP and condomless anal sex. In the 6 months prior to the survey, 54.3% of the MSM sample had had MSP. Univariate analysis showed that self-esteem, depression, loneliness, sexual compulsivity, and involuntary subordination (IS) were associated with MSP. Sexual compulsivity (multivariate odds ratio [ORm] = 2.94, 95% CI = 1.76–4.91) and IS (ORm = 1.79, 95% CI = 1.14–2.81) remained significant in multivariate analysis. MSM with five or more psychosocial problems had greater odds of (adjusted odds ratios = 3.06, 95% CI = 1.49–6.25) having MSP in the previous 6 months than the non-syndemic group. Our findings provide preliminary confirmation of the additive relationship of syndemic psychosocial health conditions and MSP among MSM in Shanghai, China. An integrated intervention with special focus on sexual compulsivity and IS is needed.     

关于提升农村贫困地区教育公共服务能力的思考

通过分析农村贫困地区教育公共服务的现状及其对农村贫困地区持续性发展的重要影响与意义,深度解读农村贫困地区的教育短板带来的严重后果与影响,并针对这些不容忽视的现实问题,对提升农村贫困地区的教育公共服务能力给出合理化建议.     

小学英语教师评价理念和评价话语的相关性研究

评价话语是小学英语教师在形成性评价中落实以人为本、注重过程、促进发展评价理念的一种常见的评价方式。探究小学英语教师评价理念和评价话语的相关性对更新小学英语教师评价理念和提高评价话语的有效性有现实意义和参考价值。调查研究结果表明:小学英语教师对评价理念的把握和落实以及评价话语的使用处于一般水平;评价理念和评价话语在学历、教龄和执教学生人数上存在显著差异;学历、教龄与评价理念和评价话语存在显著的正相关,执教学生人数与评价理念和评价话语存在显著的负相关;学历和教龄对评价理念的把握和落实及评价话语的使用有显著的正向影响,执教学生人数不会对教师评价理念的把握和落实及评价话语的使用产生显著的影响。     

上海智能制造向系统化高端化升级的路径与对策

上海持续深化新一代信息技术与制造业的融合发展,致力于打造全国智能制造的"应用高地""核心技术策源地"和"系统解决方案输出地",但也存在企业系统集成能力有待进一步提升、基础优势资源有待进一步挖掘、促进智能制造升级的生态体系有待进一步完善等问题.未来上海应聚力引进和培育国内外龙头企业,促进多主体、跨区域协同创新,聚焦智能制造生态培育,进一步推动上海制造业智能化、高端化升级,更好地发挥上海智能制造辐射长三角、服务全国的示范引领作用.